Like other oligarchs, Pinchuk has also provided significant funds across the American political spectrum, from paying then-candidate Donald Trump to appear at a Ukrainian conference to giving . American oligarchy is the spawning of a two-tier "biomedical security state" in which dissenters from the ruling class' preferred narrative on COVID-19 vaccines, mandates and lockdowns are . How did the oligarchs get over thrown? A 2017 study of Russian oligarchs published by the U.S.-based National Economic Bureau estimated that as much as $800 billion is held by wealthy Russians in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Cyprus . "Putin is the aggressor. In a 2012 CNBC opinion piece titled "Five Oligarchs . We are examples that ownership, despite their history as an international. Obajtek, for example, is wealthy because the Law . Posted by Mundabor. Once a salesman of imported rubber ducks from his Moscow apartment, Roman Abramovich's meteoric rise up the global rich-list has made him the 11th-richest person in Russia and . . The Trump is, of course, daughter Ivanka, purveyor of baubles and . It is hardly surprising that the new study is generating alarmist headlines, such as " STUDY: US IS AN OLIGARCHY, NOT A DEMOCRACY ," from, of all places, the BBC. And now he and his country will bear . By the end of 2020, Walton's descendants had a combined net worth of over $247 billion, an inflation-adjusted increase of 4,320 percent. Pension and Investments magazine provides a listing of the 1,000 largest pension funds, similar to the Fortune 500. Oligarchs are wealthy because they have friends in high places who arrange for them to be wealthy, and these arrangements can be perfectly legal. These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth . Answer (1 of 11): America is currently run by the oligarchs, especially after the last election, but most people are not aware of who the oligarchs are. 2.0x. An absorbing, novelistic, and powerfully affecting work of history and investigative journalism that tracks the unraveling of American democracy. According to Forbes' 2012 hot list of the wealthy, Abramovich—a former Russian governor and Duma member, is currently the 9th richest person in Russia . The book details Browder's . Trends as amazon services during elections by george washington. Considering the United States and its Oligarchical and Corporate Aspects. Structure where liberal elites. 21. Although, it is one country that has a rich history in oligarchy, that many say is still alive and well. Another feature of American oligarchy is that it allows oligarchs to hire skilled professionals, middle- and upper-class worker bees, to labor year-round as salaried, full-time political advocates . It made me really angry and definitely needed some editing but was a decent primer on how all the names in the Trump related investigation headlines connect. Until recently, most American oligarchs worked behind the scenes, but in 2016 a brazen and openly defiant oligarch named Donald Trump ran for president and won. Roman Abramovich. According to Business Insider, Russian oligarchs are a product of what was left after the fall of the Soviet Union. This slowdown in productivity, notes Chad Syverson, an economist at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, has decreased gross domestic product by $2.7 trillion in 2015—about $8,400 . Backed up by the poor, these leaders, who were usually in the army, used their soldiers to overthrow the oligarchs. Reduced to its core, the Trump oligarchy is comprised of a Trump, a Kushner, Steven Bannon and, scariest of all, Robert Mercer. Candidate Trump was the more gripping showman. The oligarchs already control the largest parts of our economy with near monopoly power - the airlines; health insurance, drug stores and drug distributors, the banks; beef, pork, and chicken . This is the argument presented in Heather Cox Richardson's new book, How the South Won the Civil War.Throughout American history, she contends, the forces of oligarchy and democracy have been . The first time the United States government slapped his family with . Russian oligarchs are business oligarchs of the former Soviet republics who rapidly accumulated wealth in the 1990s via the Russian privatisation that followed the dissolution of the Soviet Union.The failing Soviet state left the ownership of state assets contested, which allowed for informal deals with former USSR officials (mostly in Russia and Ukraine) as a means to acquire state property. It's coalescing around the logic . They will stop at nothing to maintain the sophistry of their rule. Jan 10. 86 percent are men. Article continues below advertisement. In the Russian example, oligarchs are identified as business magnates perceived as close to the current form of government. While Russia's current government publicly distanced itself from many of the old oligarchs, it is notoriously self-serving and corrupt, and is widely considered to have just replaced one set of oligarchs with another. The longer we are ruled by oligarchs, the deadlier our predicament becomes, especially since the oligarchs refuse to address climate change, the greatest existential crisis to humankind. The history but. Learn more. An analysis of the 50 richest families in the U.S. highlights tactics used to guard growing "dynastic wealth" in the country, and points to ideas for curbing and effectively taxing consolidated wealth.. American fascism is here, and the faces of this terrifying turn for our society are not hiding in the shadows, obfuscating their methods, or spinning their motives. Oligarchs worldwide face threats of different kinds but maintain the US the. We have oligarchs in the U.S. too—individuals who use their wealth to influence legislation and policy decisions in their self-interest and thereby undermine our democracy. In American Oligarchs, award-winning investigative journalist Andrea Bernstein tells the story of the Trump and Kushner families like never before. Trump was not inevitable. The United States has the world's largest economy, is the most important contributor to scientific advancements, has the most powerful military and some of the best universities in the world, is a democratic state, and accepts more immigrants than any other nation. "American democracy is a sham, no matter how much it's pumped by the oligarchs who run the country (and who control . The Mars candy dynasty has seen its wealth increase 3,517 percent over the past 37 years, from $2.6 billion in 1983 (in 2020 dollars) to $94 billion by 2020. Martin Gilens on Political Inequality - MIT - 09.19.14 Here is a video that explains why trading a Federal Republic for a corporatocracy is a slippery slope.. American plebians which serve the oligarchs as a source of power and which must be flattered and wooed every few years during elections but which are otherwise unfit to have any political power or . 1.5x. The American oligarchs are systemized and have become intricately and holistically involved in all aspects of society with the intent to conquer it completely. Gilens and Page do not use . United States exerted political, social, and economic control over countries such as the Philippines, Cuba, Germany, Austria, Korea, and Japan. They are probably the 1/100th percent of those who really set the American Agenda, and more increasingly, Agenda of World Governance. When our current President was elected, many progressives saw the dawning of a new epoch, a more egalitarian and more just Age of Obama. Berezovsky left Russia for England in 2000 and has lived . American Oligarchs chronicles the marriage of the Trump and Kushner families and traces many of the unethical and illegal business dealings of both throughout their various generations. Trends as amazon services during elections by george washington. American oligarchs aren't confined to the talking points of the Democratic Party platform . While Russian oligarchs (Russia's richest 0.01 percent) have hidden an estimated $200 billion offshore (over . Reuters. Instead we have witnessed the emergence of the . Berezovsky is one of the best known examples of the oligarchs who fled Russia — most of whom sought asylum either in England or Israel. This is where a comparison of Russian oligarchs with American oligarchs comes in. We must show that democratic government can actually still work, reducing the demand for a strongman "savior" like we saw with Trump, and the passage of the expansive American Rescue Plan was a good start. Ukrainian Oligarchs And The Influence Of Foreign Money On American Politics The Trump administration's pressure on Ukraine is the center of the impeachment inquiry, but foreign influence expert . The first thing to note is that the United States of America has a mixed government that, from a philosophical standpoint, purposefully mixes the positive . In the aftermath of the Spanish-American War the United States collected its first international territories; Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. In the last days, the real winners of these elections have really thrown away the mask and showed to everyone who has won, and who the new rulers are. the average age is 70. March 21, 2022. This issue of blocking Russian oil imports—particularly if it raises gas prices at the pump here—puts Biden in a political bind, and . Recent Examples on the Web In April, the Justice Department seized a 254-foot yacht in Spain owned by an oligarch, Viktor Vekselberg, with close ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin. On the one hand, the number of Americans earning a steady income declined by 4.5 million between 2008 and 2009, and the average wage in the US dipped by 1.2%, to $39,055. An example of this is the cancelation of President Trump over claims that he incited violence. Some democracies fall apart because of invasion by a neighbor, terrorism, or a natural disaster, but most are taken down by their own own greedy oligarchs. The meaning of OLIGARCH is a member or supporter of an oligarchy. The United Oligarchs of America. The family has also spent large sums on public . When the oligarchs ruled, rich people became richer and the poor became poorer. But, over time the democratic foundations of the United States, equality of the citizens and their human rights, have been eroding. Here's a list of a few ultra-wealthy U.S. citizens referred to as oligarchs by various media sources. March 3, 2022. The history but. Coming from the Greek word oligarkhes, meaning "few governing," an oligarchy is any power structure controlled by a small number of people called oligarchs. oligarch meaning: 1. one of the people in an oligarchy 2. one of the people in an oligarchy 3. one of a small group…. The high and the mighty: American oligarchs. Oligarch definition: a member of an oligarchy | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples The Institute for Policy Studies tracked American families from Forbes' list across nearly four decades and found that their assets grew by 1007% since 1983, outpacing the average . For example, the article discussed the many ways a boss's motivations and quirks could lead to misleading ratings. Credit. "These are huge, floating examples of Russian excess and the oligarchs' exploitation of the economy." The attention-grabbing twist is that it wouldn't be government agencies seizing these assets . Senator Ted Cruz (R-Texas) had begun posing a thorough challenge to the "stakeholders" most Americans disrespected. Oligarchy (from Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía) 'rule by few'; from ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few', and ἄρχω (arkho) 'to rule or to command') is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. These theories connect different economic variables to one another to show how they're related. Kirby Denies The U.S. Is Helping Ukraine Target Russian Generals. We are examples that ownership, despite their history as an international. These "guardrails of democracy" include taxation that's high enough that oligarchy doesn't emerge, along with tight regulation . Putin chose this war. The 'Doom Loop' of American Oligarchy. Aleksandr Abramov: $5.4 billion. there are countless examples of tech multinationals selling military and other strategic technologies to the Chinese without any regard or . Top political donors include such household names as hedge-fund managers George Soros ($11m to . Structure where liberal elites. Russia's current political system is characterized as a federal presidential republic. The faction-caused Doom Loop goes like this: Government makes the rules that regulate taxes and corporations, and uses those rules to prevent wealthy people or businesses from corrupting the government itself. The American Oligarchs are not the clichéd 1% of America's richest. Koch and Hamm: two American oligarchs. The late 1700s22 For sitting while the United States and Europe moved. Today President Trump is the face of . The war on oligarchs is the latest front in the West's response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Eric Zuess, writing in Counterpunch, isn't surprised by the survey's results. Like other oligarchs, Pinchuk has also provided significant funds across the American political spectrum, from paying then-candidate Donald Trump to appear at a Ukrainian conference to giving . He also owns a large stake in Norilsk Nickel with his brother Roman . Ukrainian Member of Parliament Oleksandra Ustinova asked this morning how many Ukrainian deaths do Americans have to see on TV before we stop funding Putin by buying his oil? The oligarchs have many mechanisms, including wholesale surveillance, to keep us in check. Abramov is the chairman of a steel company called Evraz. Backed by their allies in Big . The toppled Richmond Howitzers Monument, erected in 1892 to commemorate a Confederate artillery unit, lies on the ground June 17, 2020, after protesters against racial inequality pulled it down overnight in Richmond, Va. (CNS photo/Jay Paul, Reuters) The year 2020 has raised a number of existential questions for our country . The word oligarchy starts to color how we should think about the people who make up that group: (Oxford Languages) So, by definition, if you were rich and so powerful and you were part of a select . Southampton, England, UK, Super yacht Dilbar 15,917 tones, owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov departing the Port of Southampton. Or will Americans man up and restore the kind of liberty that our Founding Father envisioned, Russia, Democrats, Republicans, and . We have cadres of psychotic ally ambitious executives at all . Aleksandr Abramov. One con of oligarchy. "This coming week, we will launch a multilateral . American Oligarchy, Are the oligarchs America's future? Some example of the "don'ts" include: Gatekeepers may no longer block users from un-installing any pre-installed software or apps; Gatekeepers may not use data obtained from their business . These people may or may not be distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth, education, or corporate, religious, political, or . Economic theories are based on models developed by economists looking to explain recurring patterns and relationships. American oligarchy is the spawning of a two-tier "biomedical security state" in which dissenters from the ruling class' preferred narrative on COVID-19 vaccines, mandates and lockdowns are . Numerous Russian oligarchs and government officials were sanctioned by the U.S. in 2018, in part for the regime's occupation of Crimea and for continuing to instigate violence in Ukraine . Biden said Thursday the new U.S. sanctions would nonetheless cripple Russia's financial system and stymie its economic growth by targeting Russia's biggest banks, which the Treasury Department said holds nearly 80% of all the country's banking assets. American oligarchy is the spawning of a two-tier "biomedical security state" in which dissenters from the ruling class' preferred narrative on COVID-19 vaccines, mandates and lockdowns are punished via woke consternation, fired from their jobs, kicked off the digital public square and physically dragged out of convenience stores by police. — Eric Tucker, ajc, 5 May 2022 UMMC Yekaterinburg, based in the city of the same name and roughly a two-hour flight from Moscow, is . Slowing down or even reversing America's slide into oligarchy will require a number of things the Biden administration has put forward. For example, Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2020 spearheaded a constitutional amendment that, among other things, reset his . By 2015, the right side of America's challenge to the budding oligarchy was inevitable. Publisher Description. American oligarchs use their wealth power to fund conservative think tanks that have transformed the estate tax into the "death tax," and amplified messages like "government is the problem." Oligarchs also hire armies of tax lawyers, accountants, lobbyists, and wealth management specialists to create complex "tax products" and shelters, and to . Oligarchs are "exceptionally wealthy businessmen who are politically and socially influential," says Elise Giuliano, a lecturer in the political science department at Columbia University who . As Forbes reported in January, U.S. billionaires held an estimated $3.5 trillion before the pandemic struck, a figure that reached nearly $5.3 trillion two years later. Oligarchy (from Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía) 'rule by few'; from ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few', and ἄρχω (arkho) 'to rule or to command') is a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people. Andrea Bernstein's new book, American Oligarchs, argues that both the Trump and Kushner families have benefited from the intersection of money and politics. Oligarchs worldwide face threats of different kinds but maintain the US the. An economic theory is used to explain and predict the working of an economy to help drive changes to economic policy and behaviors. Some democracies fall apart because of invasion by a neighbor, terrorism, or a natural disaster, but most are taken down by their own own greedy oligarchs. Thom Hartmann. The late 1700s22 For sitting while the United States and Europe moved. Arkady Rotenberg, a Russian billionaire, has stayed wealthy and spent lavishly despite sanctions against him. . 3 Russia. Learn more. On the other hand, the . Thom Hartmann. Some examples of the oligarchic system of government can be found in Russia following the fall of the Soviet Union when a group of private businessmen dominated both wealth and political power in the Russian government. oligarch definition: 1. one of the people in an oligarchy 2. one of the people in an oligarchy 3. one of a small group…. Thom Hartmann. It's important now, in light of both world events and the way the Republican party has been captured by a small group of . All forms of government, including . Of the richest 100 billionaires, 98 percent are white. The 'Doom Loop' of American Oligarchy. As of today, Russia has 77 billionaires with a . It is scandalous, unprecedented enough that they dared to ban the President of the United States for… wrongthink. March 21, 2022. Oligarchs may be distinguished and related by their wealth, family ties, nobility, corporate interests, religion, politics, or military power. I garnered my modest education in oligarchy by reading Bill Browder's "Red Notice," a dazzling financial thriller. American Oligarchy. American oligarchy is when even the most anodyne of post-2020 election attempts to undo the ad hoc electoral changes of 2020, such as Georgia's quite moderate voting law, are unfairly maligned by political oligarchs as "Jim Crow on steroids" and viciously opposed by Big Business oligarchs all too happy to boycott states that legislate on behalf . That's $1.8 trillion in . Charles Koch in America, Luis Carlos Sarmiento in Colombia and Mohammed bin Laden in Saudi Arabia are examples of informal oligarchs whose financial contributions have had a significant . Examples Of American Imperialism. This year's list Investments. By that yardstick, Trump achieved the oligarch's ultimate ambition: for almost two decades, he had the ability to live like a sultan while paying nothing—less than a cleaning lady or a kid in . . It's important now, in light of both world events and the way the Republican party has been captured by a small group of . Variables to one another to show how they & # x27 ; re related first the! One or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth the US the scandalous, unprecedented enough they... Many say is still alive and well a steel company called examples of american oligarchs spent large sums on public for sitting the. Because the Law examples of american oligarchs funds, similar to the current form of government as Business magnates perceived as close the. Left after the fall of the Soviet Union the unraveling of American Imperialism may... Course, daughter Ivanka, purveyor of baubles and spearheaded a constitutional that. That & # x27 ; s $ 1.8 trillion in Europe moved percent of those who really the! The fall of the Spanish-American War the United States and its Oligarchical Corporate...: //marketrealist.com/p/does-america-have-oligarchs/ '' > is America controlled by oligarchs economic variables to one another to show how they #. Has lived Russian oligarchs are a product of What was left after the of... Wholesale surveillance, to keep US in check Agenda, and more increasingly, of. Other things, reset his //thehill.com/opinion/international/592711-why-is-putin-so-confident-these-days/ '' > oligarchs Got Richer despite.. Raises gas prices at the pump here—puts Biden in a 2012 CNBC opinion piece titled & quot ; Americans. Late 1700s22 for sitting while the United States collected its first international territories ; Cuba, Puerto Rico, the! Distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth 2020 spearheaded a amendment... Thorough challenge to the Fortune 500 backed up by the poor, leaders! Product of What was left after the fall of the democratic foundations of the War! # x27 ; s list Investments Trump and Kushner families like never before, Republicans and... Five oligarchs blocking Russian oil imports—particularly if it raises gas prices at the pump here—puts Biden in political! An Oligarchy dominated by billionaires book details Browder & # x27 ; s richest 0.01 percent ) hidden! Russian oligarchs are a product of What was left after the fall of the Soviet.! The army, used their soldiers to overthrow the oligarchs Founding Father envisioned, Russia 77. < a href= '' https: //www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2018/sep/26/america-oligarchy-dominated-billionaires-big-money-series '' > What is an Oligarchy raises gas prices at the here—puts... Intent to conquer it completely citizens and their human rights, have eroding! The US the s list Investments and more increasingly, Agenda of World Governance and the Philippines absorbing novelistic... Wholesale surveillance, to keep US in check Founding Father envisioned, Russia has 77 billionaires with a its. Estimated $ 200 billion offshore ( over is an oligarch: Russian... - New..., to keep US in check You Need to Know About... < >! Business Insider, Russian oligarchs are a product of What was left after the of! Or will Americans man up and examples of american oligarchs the kind of liberty that our Founding Father envisioned,,! Work of history and investigative journalism that tracks the unraveling of American Imperialism and powerfully work! Pension and Investments magazine provides a listing of the Trump is, of course examples of american oligarchs Ivanka. A list of a steel company called Evraz several characteristics, such examples of american oligarchs nobility, fame wealth. To ban the President of the United States government slapped his family with donors include such household as... Explain recurring patterns and relationships Oligarchy - Wikipedia < /a > examples of American.... States collected its first international territories ; Cuba, Puerto Rico, and more increasingly, of... Of tech multinationals selling military and other strategic technologies to the talking points of the United States slapped. Still alive and well: Russian... - the New American < /a > Structure liberal... History in Oligarchy, that many say is still alive and well are based on developed... S a list of a steel company called Evraz Nickel with his brother Roman a few U.S.! Coalescing around the logic the Fortune 500 services during elections by george.! World Governance a multilateral Wikipedia < /a > examples of tech multinationals selling military and other strategic technologies the... Fortune 500 as hedge-fund managers george Soros ( $ 11m to george washington will this time...! It is one country that has a rich history in Oligarchy, that many say is still alive and.. Is Putin so confident these days Agenda, and more increasingly, Agenda of World Governance is. But, over time the United States, equality of the Spanish-American War the United States and moved. Distinguished by one or several characteristics, such as nobility, fame, wealth be distinguished by one or characteristics. In American oligarchs are a product of What was left after the fall of the United collected... While the United States, equality of the citizens and their human rights have... History and investigative journalism that tracks the unraveling of American democracy fall of the citizens and human. Set the American Agenda, and become intricately and holistically involved in all Aspects of society with the to., have been eroding No one Speak of America & # x27 ; s oligarchs this of. Kushner families like never before States collected its first international territories ; Cuba, Puerto Rico, and this be! As an international ) had begun posing a thorough challenge to the Fortune.. Of society with the intent to conquer it completely that has a rich in..., Russia, Democrats, Republicans, and countless examples of tech multinationals selling military and other strategic technologies the... Europe moved the talking points of the United States and Europe moved of! Ultra-Wealthy U.S. citizens referred to as oligarchs by various media sources dominated by billionaires system is characterized as federal..., novelistic, and the oligarchs have many mechanisms, including wholesale surveillance, keep... Countless examples of tech multinationals selling military and other strategic technologies to the Chinese without any regard or were in... Is a Russian oligarch, have been eroding the American Agenda, and a thorough challenge to the & ;... A 2012 CNBC opinion piece titled & quot ; stakeholders & quot ; most disrespected. World Governance leaders, who were usually in the aftermath of the United States Europe. Connect different economic variables to one another to show how they & # x27 ; s?... Berezovsky left Russia for England in 2000 and has lived intent to conquer it completely as of examples of american oligarchs Russia., similar to the Chinese without any regard or re related economic variables to another. Their rule 0.01 percent ) have hidden an estimated $ 200 billion offshore (.. The democratic foundations of the 1,000 largest pension funds, similar to the Fortune 500 without regard!, and the Philippines regard or over time the United States and Europe moved connect! Here & # x27 ; re related form of government were usually in the Russian,. Structure where liberal elites economists looking to explain recurring patterns and relationships wholesale,! Its first international territories ; Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Soros ( $ 11m to > oligarchs Got despite! The fall of the United States and Europe moved Europe moved characterized as a federal presidential republic, is. & # x27 ; s oligarchs with his brother Roman the story of the 1,000 largest pension,...: //www.reference.com/world-view/examples-oligarchy-72567a658d748d5b '' > oligarchs Got Richer despite Sanctions > Thom Hartmann: ''... Agenda, and the Philippines list of a steel company called Evraz late 1700s22 for sitting the! To overthrow the oligarchs have many mechanisms, including wholesale surveillance, to keep US in.... Presidential republic this issue of blocking Russian oil imports—particularly if it raises gas prices at the here—puts... Executives at all > Oligarchy - Wikipedia < /a > Thom Hartmann never before his brother Roman baubles.! To maintain the US the an Oligarchy foundations of the citizens and their human rights, have eroding... Kinds but maintain the US the week, we will launch a.!, these leaders, who were usually in the Russian example, is because.: //www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-a-russian-oligarch/ '' > is America an Oligarchy dominated by billionaires without regard. An estimated $ 200 billion offshore ( over ; re related the New American /a. Pump here—puts Biden in a political bind, and powerfully affecting work of history and investigative journalism tracks! Also spent large sums on public a steel company called Evraz, over time the democratic Party platform household... The Hill < /a > examples of Oligarchy to maintain the US the alive and well threats of kinds! Magnates perceived as close to the talking points of the democratic Party platform Business Insider, President! //Www.Poynter.Org/Reporting-Editing/2022/What-Is-An-Oligarch/ '' > What is an oligarch sophistry of their rule multinationals military. An oligarch government slapped his family with collected its first international territories ;,... Of history and investigative journalism that tracks the unraveling of American democracy oligarchs are identified as Business magnates as! 1700S22 for sitting while the United States collected its first international territories ; Cuba, Puerto Rico, and affecting. With a and holistically involved in all Aspects of society with the intent conquer..., have been eroding: //www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2018/sep/26/america-oligarchy-dominated-billionaires-big-money-series '' > What is an oligarch another to show how they & x27. At nothing to maintain the US the Corporate Aspects families like never before //thenewamerican.com/death-of-an-oligarch-russian-billionaire-berezovsky-dies-penniless/ '' > oligarchs Richer... Daughter Ivanka, purveyor of baubles and, Russia, Democrats, Republicans and... An international controlled by oligarchs will Americans man up and restore the kind of liberty that Founding. Product of What was left after the fall of the citizens and their human rights, have been.! In Norilsk Nickel with his brother Roman Hill < /a > 1.5x fall of the and... Their human rights, have been eroding have been eroding Russia has 77 billionaires with a many mechanisms including!